Grades 5–6 Skill Standards: CCSS 6.NS.B.4

Number Riddles — Factors, Multiples & Primes (Grades 5–6)

Number riddles combine clues — "I'm a prime number between 10 and 20, and my digits add to 4" — and you use everything you know about factors, multiples, and primes to narrow down the one number that fits every clue. The strategy: list the numbers that satisfy the first clue, then cross off any that fail the next, until one remains.

What it is

Understanding number riddles — factors, multiples & primes

Number riddles combine clues — "I'm a prime number between 10 and 20, and my digits add to 4" — and you use everything you know about factors, multiples, and primes to narrow down the one number that fits every clue. The strategy: list the numbers that satisfy the first clue, then cross off any that fail the next, until one remains.

Key Idea

Number riddles combine clues — "I'm a prime number between 10 and 20, and my digits add to 4" — and you use everything you know about factors, multiples, and primes to narrow down the one number that fits every clue. The strategy: list the numbers that satisfy the first clue, then cross off any that fail the next, until one remains.

Worked Example

Seeing it in action

1
Worked example

"I'm a prime between 10 and 20, and my digits add to 4." Who am I?

Primes between 10 and 20: 11, 13, 17, 19.

Digit sums: 11→2, 13→4 ✓, 17→8, 19→10. → 13.

Visual model
10 13 20 prime

Cross off clues until one number remains.

Interactive Check

Try a few

"Even number, factor of 12, greater than 5."
Answer: 6 or 12

both fit; if "less than 10"

"Multiple of 5, less than 20, digits add to 5."
Answer: 5

5; 50 too big.

"Prime, one-digit, odd, more than 5."
Answer: 7

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